Cutting machines are a type of mechanical equipment widely used in industrial and household fields, mainly used to cut various materials, including metal, stone, wood, plastic, etc. With the development of modern mechanical processing industry, the technology of cutting machines is also constantly improving, with a wide variety of types and different functions. This article will introduce in detail the types of cutting machines, purchase methods, operation and troubleshooting.
Types of cutting machines
Cutting machines are mainly divided into the following types:
1. Laser cutting machine: Laser cutting machines use high-energy-density laser beams to locally heat materials to melt or vaporize them, thereby achieving cutting. Laser cutting machines have the characteristics of high cutting accuracy, fast speed, and small cutting thickness, and are suitable for fine processing of metal and non-metal materials.
2. Flame cutting machine: Flame cutting machines use high-temperature flames generated by the mixed combustion of oxygen and gas to cut materials. Flame cutting machines are mainly suitable for thicker carbon steel materials. A certain amount of heat will be generated during the cutting process, and safety protection needs to be paid attention to.
3. Plasma cutting machine: Plasma cutting machines use high-temperature plasma to cut materials. The plasma cutting machine has a faster cutting speed, but the cutting surface has a certain slope, which is suitable for fast cutting of metal materials.
4. Water jet cutting machine: The water jet cutting machine uses high-pressure water flow to cut materials. The biggest advantage of the water jet cutting machine is that it does not generate high temperature, which is suitable for cutting temperature-sensitive materials, such as stone, ceramics, composite materials, etc.
5. Knife cutting machine: The knife cutting machine is the most common type of cutting machine, suitable for cutting various metal and non-metal materials. There are many types of knife cutting machines, including circular saw cutting machines, band saw cutting machines, shearing machines, etc.
How to choose a cutting machine
When choosing a cutting machine, you need to consider the following aspects:
1. Look at the needs: First, clarify the type and thickness of the material to be cut, and choose the appropriate type of cutting machine. For example, laser cutting machine or plasma cutting machine can be selected for cutting metal materials; water jet cutting machine or knife cutting machine can be selected for cutting stone materials.
2. Check the quality of the equipment: Check whether the appearance of the cutting machine is complete and whether the parts of each part are firm and high-quality. Good quality cutting machines usually use thick materials and are heavier.
3. Look at the brand: Choose a brand with a good reputation in the market or a brand from a developed area of cutting machine production. Products of well-known brands usually have high quality and after-sales service guarantees.
Operation of cutting machine
Different types of cutting machines have different operation methods. The following are the operation methods of several common cutting machines:
1. Laser cutting machine:
- Place the metal raw material to be cut steadily on the workbench of the laser cutting machine.
- Adjust the system cutting parameters of the equipment according to the material and thickness of the material.
- Select the appropriate nozzle and lens, and check them.
- Debug the equipment and adjust the focus of the cutting head to a suitable position.
- Check and adjust the nozzle of the equipment to ensure that it is centered.
- Calibrate the sensor of the laser cutting head.
- Select a suitable laser cutting gas and check its injection status.
- Perform a trial cut and observe the cutting effect. If there is a deviation, adjust the equipment parameters.
- Draw the cutting pattern and import it into the cutting system to start cutting.
2. Flame cutting machine:
- Select a suitable cutting nozzle according to the thickness of the steel to be cut. - Adjust the pressure of oxygen and fuel gas to the specified value.
- Use the cutting igniter to ignite the preheating flame, adjust the white core length of the flame, and make the flame a neutral flame.
- Heat the cutting point, and when the combustion temperature is reached, open the cutting oxygen valve and start cutting.
- Move the cutting nozzle at an appropriate speed along the cutting line to complete the cutting.
- After the cutting is completed, close the cutting oxygen valve, preheating oxygen valve and fuel gas valve in sequence.
3. Plasma cutting machine:
- Contact the cutting torch roller with the workpiece and adjust the distance between the nozzle and the workpiece plane.
- Turn on the cutting torch switch, ignite the plasma arc, cut through the workpiece, and move at a uniform speed in the cutting direction.
- After the cutting is completed, turn off the cutting torch switch, the plasma arc is extinguished, and the compressed air is sprayed out with a delay to cool the cutting torch.
Troubleshooting of cutting machine
Some faults may occur during the use of the cutting machine. Common faults and solutions are as follows:
1. Low cutting accuracy: It may be due to improper device parameter settings or incorrect cutting head position. The device parameters and cutting head position need to be readjusted.
2. Slow cutting speed: It may be due to insufficient power supply voltage or wear of cutting tools. You need to check the power supply voltage or replace the cutting tools.
3. Uneven cutting surface: It may be due to improper installation of cutting tools or excessive vibration of equipment. You need to reinstall cutting tools or check the fixing of equipment.
4. Equipment cannot start: It may be due to power line failure or control circuit failure. You need to check the power line and control circuit.
Conclusion
As an important processing equipment, cutting machine plays an important role in modern industrial production. Understanding the types of cutting machines, purchase methods, operation and troubleshooting will help us better select and use cutting machines and improve work efficiency and product quality. I hope this article will be helpful to you. I wish you satisfactory results in the process of using cutting machines.